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Many plants can be raised from seed with a degree of certainty that they will be the same as the parents. This applies to types of simple breeding rather than to those of complex hybridization. Rose species can be reproduced from seed, especially when self-pollinated, but not so modern hybrids. New plants can be produced true to type from either species or hybrids by several methods known collectively as vegetative propagation-budding, cutting, grafting and
layering.
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